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Murine Oropharyngeal Aspiration Model of Ventilator-associated and Hospital-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia
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Antimicrobial Resistance in Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: Predictive Microbiology and Evidence-Based Therapy

Amani Alnimr1

  • 1Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. amalnimr@iau.edu.sa.

Infectious Diseases and Therapy
|June 5, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a critical ICU infection. This review details antimicrobial resistance risk factors, diagnostic tools, and management strategies for VAP, emphasizing Gram-negative pathogens.

Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a frequent and serious intensive care unit (ICU) infection.
  • VAP contributes significantly to antibiotic use and carries a high attributable mortality, especially with antimicrobial resistance.
  • Effective antimicrobial therapy and microbiological diagnosis are crucial for managing VAP.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review risk factors for antimicrobial resistance in adult VAP.
  • To discuss novel microbiological diagnostic tools for VAP.
  • To summarize evidence-based antimicrobial management and prevention strategies for drug-resistant VAP.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on VAP, antimicrobial resistance, and Gram-negative pathogens.
  • Analysis of current evidence on resistance mechanisms and diagnostic approaches.
  • Exploration of emerging concepts in predictive microbiology for VAP.

Main Results:

  • Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria are a significant concern in VAP.
  • Optimal microbiological sampling and testing for VAP remain areas of ongoing research.
  • Evidence-based strategies for managing and preventing drug-resistant VAP are highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding antimicrobial resistance mechanisms and employing timely microbiological diagnosis are vital for effective VAP treatment.
  • Proactive management and prevention are essential to combat the growing threat of drug-resistant VAP.
  • The review also touches upon VAP in the context of COVID-19 and predictive microbiology.
Keywords:
Drug-resistant organismEarly effective therapyNovel diagnosticsWindow

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