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Synthesis and Characterization of Rutile TiO
Pamela Santos-Aguilar1, Judith Bernal-Ramírez2, Eduardo Vázquez-Garza2
1Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, N.L. 64849, Mexico.
ACS Omega
|June 5, 2023
Summary
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles show cytotoxicity in heart cells, inducing apoptosis. Both anatase and rutile forms pose risks, with rutile being more toxic at higher concentrations.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Toxicology
- Cardiovascular Research
Background:
- Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is widely used, raising concerns about its cardiovascular system cytotoxicity.
- H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts serve as a model to assess TiO2 particle toxicity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity of TiO2-anatase and TiO2-rutile particles on H9c2 cardiomyoblasts.
- To investigate dose and time-dependent responses and the influence of microstructural properties on TiO2 cytotoxicity.
Main Methods:
- Cell viability assays (metabolic inhibition, membrane integrity) were performed on H9c2 cells exposed to TiO2 particles.
- Powder X-ray diffraction (Williamson-Hall, Warren-Averbach) assessed microstructural properties like crystallite domain and microstrain.
- Raman spectroscopy, N2 adsorption, and dynamic light scattering characterized crystalline phases, surface areas, and ζ-potential.
Main Results:
- Both TiO2-anatase and TiO2-rutile induced cytotoxicity at IC25 (1.4-4.4 μg/cm2) and IC50 (7.2-9.3 μg/cm2).
- TiO2-rutile exhibited higher cytotoxicity than TiO2-anatase at 24 hours and significant concentrations.
- TiO2 particles induced apoptosis, but not necrosis, in H9c2 cells.
Conclusions:
- TiO2 particles, particularly rutile at higher doses, are cytotoxic to H9c2 cardiomyoblasts, primarily through apoptosis.
- Microstructural properties (crystallite domain, microstrain, phase, surface area, ζ-potential) influence TiO2 cytotoxicity, but a single variable cannot solely explain the observed effects.
