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Related Concept Videos

Other Algae01:19

Other Algae

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The group Stramenopiles include some phototrophic microorganisms. Members of this group possess flagella covered in numerous short, hairlike extensions, a feature that inspired the group's name, derived from the Latin words for "straw" and "hair." Some of the main categories of Stramenopiles include diatoms, golden algae, and brown algae.Diatoms are unicellular, photosynthetic eukaryotes, with over 200 known genera. They play a key role in the planktonic communities of both marine and...
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Red Algae01:23

Red Algae

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Red algae, also known as rhodophytes, are primarily found in marine environments, though some species inhabit freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. These organisms exist in both unicellular and multicellular forms, with some multicellular varieties reaching macroscopic sizes.As phototrophic organisms, red algae contain chlorophyll a; however, their chloroplasts lack chlorophyll b. Instead, they possess phycobiliproteins, which serve as major light-harvesting pigments, similar to those found in...
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Green Algae01:21

Green Algae

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Green algae, also referred to as chlorophytes, are different from red algae in having the chloroplasts containing chlorophylls a and b, which give them their distinct green hue. However, they lack phycobiliproteins, preventing them from developing the red or blue-green pigmentation seen in red algae. In terms of photosynthetic pigment composition, green algae closely resemble plants and share a close evolutionary relationship with them. Taxonomically Green algae belong to Phylum Chlorophyta in...
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Overview of Algae01:28

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The kingdom Archaeplastida encompasses red and green algae, along with land plants. Unlike other protists with chloroplasts that arose through secondary endosymbiosis, only red and green algae originated from primary endosymbiotic events. This diverse group of eukaryotic organisms contains chlorophyll and performs oxygenic photosynthesis.Algae exist in various forms, from large brown kelp in coastal waters to green scum in puddles and stains on rocks or soil. Some species are responsible for...
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Analysis of Fatty Acid Content and Composition in Microalgae
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Malaysian brown macroalga

Kogilavani Subermaniam1,2, Sze Yuen Lew1, Yoon Yen Yow3

  • 1Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
|June 5, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Malaysian Padina australis extract (PAEE) reduced neuroinflammation in microglial cells by suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. This suggests P. australis as a potential therapy for neurodegenerative diseases.

Keywords:
BV2 microglialBrown algaeCytokinesMajor compoundsNeuroinflammationOxidative damage

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Marine Biology

Background:

  • Neuroinflammation and microglial activation are key pathological features in central nervous system disorders.
  • Excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines exacerbate neuronal damage during chronic microglial activation.
  • Padina australis, a brown macroalga, exhibits anti-neuroinflammatory properties, but its mechanisms are poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of Malaysian Padina australis ethanol extract (PAEE) in mitigating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of P. australis in BV2 microglial cells.

Main Methods:

  • BV2 microglial cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
  • The effects of varying concentrations of P. australis ethanol extract (PAEE) on cell viability, nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), intracellular ROS, and inflammatory markers (iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-6) were assessed.
  • Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to identify compounds within the PAEE.

Main Results:

  • LPS stimulation increased NO, PGE2, intracellular ROS, iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels, while reducing cell viability.
  • PAEE treatment (0.5-2.0 mg/ml) dose-dependently reversed these LPS-induced effects.
  • LC-MS analysis identified methyl α-eleostearate, ethyl α-eleostearate, niacinamide, stearamide, and linoleic acid in PAEE.

Conclusions:

  • PAEE effectively suppresses LPS-induced neuroinflammation in BV2 microglial cells.
  • The anti-neuroinflammatory effects are attributed to the reduction of intracellular ROS and pro-inflammatory mediators.
  • Padina australis demonstrates therapeutic potential for neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases.