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Folding drives cortical thickness variations.

Maria A Holland1, Silvia Budday2, Gang Li3

  • 1Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.

The European Physical Journal. Special Topics
|June 5, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain folding physically drives cortical thickness variations, with gyri thickening and sulci thinning during development. These patterns emerge naturally, offering insights into neurological disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Cortical thickness is a key biomarker for neurological disorders.
  • Variations in human brain cortical thickness are significant but their developmental origins are unclear.
  • Previous models suggested physical forces drive cortical folding, leading to heterogeneity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolution of cortical thickness variations over time.
  • To determine if physical forces during cortical folding explain thickness heterogeneity.
  • To link genetic, geometric, and physical factors in brain development.

Main Methods:

  • Expanded on bilayered system models to explore thickness evolution.
  • Analyzed magnetic resonance images from healthy adults (n=573) and infants (n=73).
  • Observed cortical organoid development for similar pattern formation.

Main Results:

  • Cortical folding naturally leads to thicker gyri and thinner sulci, independent of regional information.
  • Observed thickness variations align with patterns in human brains across a wide age range.
  • Cortical organoids recapitulated these thickness variations during growth.

Conclusions:

  • Physical forces during cortical folding are a significant factor in generating cortical thickness variations.
  • These findings suggest an interplay between genetic, geometric, and physical processes in brain development.
  • Understanding these variations aids in diagnosing and treating neurological disorders.