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Maternal obesity: Perinatal implications.

Julie Reed1, Sarah Case1, Asha Rijhsinghani2

  • 1School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

SAGE Open Medicine
|June 5, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maternal obesity rates are rising, increasing risks for mothers and babies during pregnancy and birth. This review highlights the significant health impacts on both maternal and offspring neurodevelopment.

Keywords:
Obstetrics/gynecologymaternal obesityneonatal outcomesobesitypregnancywomen’s health

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Rising prevalence of overweight and obesity in the general population and pregnant women over the past three decades.
  • Increased pre-pregnancy body mass index and excessive gestational weight gain contribute to maternal obesity.
  • Maternal obesity is linked to exacerbated comorbidities like insulin resistance, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted impacts of maternal obesity on pregnancy outcomes.
  • To examine the effects of maternal obesity on fetal development and delivery.
  • To explore the association between maternal obesity and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of studies published over the last three decades.
  • Analysis of data on maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain, and associated health risks.
  • Examination of fetal growth, delivery complications, neonatal outcomes, and offspring neurodevelopmental trajectories.

Main Results:

  • Maternal obesity increases the risk of fetal anomalies, altered fetal growth, and adverse delivery outcomes (instrumented vaginal delivery, cesarean section).
  • Obese mothers experience higher rates of comorbidities and infectious states.
  • Neonatal outcomes are negatively affected, including increased birth weight, need for respiratory support, and risk of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal obesity presents significant risks throughout pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum.
  • There is a strong association between maternal obesity and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring.
  • Addressing maternal obesity is crucial for improving maternal and child health outcomes.