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Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
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Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme...
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nZVI decreases N

Gangping Su1, Bingning Chen1, Xinyue Wu1

  • 1Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.

The Science of the Total Environment
|June 5, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Iron nanomaterials, particularly nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI), reduce pesticide pollution

Keywords:
Iron-based nanomaterialsMicrobial communityNitrate reductaseNitrous oxide reductasePesticidenosZ-II

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Soil Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Pesticide residues in farmland soils can disrupt nitrogen (N)-cycling.
  • The impact of iron speciation on pesticide fate and N-cycling is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of iron-based nanomaterials in mitigating pesticide's adverse effects on soil N-cycling.
  • To explore the roles of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) and iron oxidates in paddy soils.

Main Methods:

  • Application of nZVI and iron oxidates (α-Fe2O3, γ-Fe2O3, Fe3O4) to pentachlorophenol (PCP) contaminated paddy soil.
  • Quantification of N2O emissions, PCP removal, and soil nitrogen forms (NO3--N, NH4+-N).
  • Analysis of soil enzyme activities (nitrate and N2O reductases) and microbial community structure (N2O-reducing microorganisms).

Main Results:

  • nZVI significantly reduced N2O emissions (32.4–69.7%) and PCP contamination (60.9%).
  • nZVI application mitigated PCP-induced NO3--N accumulation and increased NH4+-N levels.
  • nZVI restored enzyme activities and promoted N2O-consuming bacteria (nosZ-II).

Conclusions:

  • Iron-based nanomaterials, especially nZVI, offer a strategy to mitigate pesticide pollution impacts on soil N-cycling.
  • nZVI can reduce N2O emissions and improve soil nitrogen balance in contaminated paddy soils.
  • This research provides insights into iron cycling's role in managing pesticide residues and N-cycling.