Iodide-Enhanced Perovskite Nanozyme-Based Colorimetric Platform for Detection of Urinary Nuclear Matrix Protein 22

Area of Science:

• Nanomaterials Science
• Biomedical Diagnostics
• Catalysis

Background:

• Perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) exhibit promising optical properties but have limited bioanalytical applications due to low enzymatic activity and susceptibility to autofluorescence.
• Existing methods for detecting biomarkers like urinary nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) can be limited by sensitivity and interference.
• Instrument-free colorimetric detection methods are highly desirable for accessible bioanalysis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a method for modulating PNC activity for enhanced, instrument-free colorimetric detection.
• To create an iodide-enhanced perovskite nanozyme platform for visual assay of NMP22.
• To investigate the role of halogen anions in regulating perovskite nanozyme activity.

Main Methods:

• Anion replacement reaction to synthesize iodide-enhanced perovskite nanocrystals (CsPbI3 NCs).
• Comparative analysis of catalytic efficiency between CsPbI3 NCs and CsPbBr3 NCs.
• Development of an immunoassay utilizing CsPbI3 NCs for NMP22 detection in clinical urine samples.

Main Results:

• Iodide-based anion replacement significantly enhanced the peroxidase-like activity of perovskite nanozymes.
• CsPbI3 NCs demonstrated a 24-fold higher catalytic efficiency compared to CsPbBr3 NCs.
• The developed immunoassay achieved a low detection limit of 0.03 U/mL for NMP22, enabling visual detection.

Conclusions:

• Halogen modulation via anion replacement is an effective strategy to enhance perovskite nanozyme activity.
• Iodide-enhanced perovskite nanozymes offer a robust platform for sensitive, instrument-free colorimetric bioassays.
• This approach holds significant potential for advancing bladder cancer diagnostics and other bioanalytical applications.