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Injections of Lipopolysaccharide into Mice to Mimic Entrance of Microbial-derived Products After Intestinal Barrier Breach
Published on: May 2, 2018
Limosilactobacillus mucosae-derived extracellular vesicles modulates macrophage phenotype and orchestrates gut
Jingjing Li1, Shuaifei Feng1, Zhenyu Wang2
1College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
Abstract:
The diarrheal disease causes high mortality, especially in children and young animals. The gut microbiome is strongly associated with diarrheal disease, and some specific strains of bacteria have demonstrated antidiarrheal effects. However, the antidiarrheal mechanisms of probiotic strains have not been elucidated. Here, we used neonatal piglets as a translational model and found that gut microbiota dysbiosis observed in diarrheal piglets was mainly characterized by a deficiency of Lactobacillus, an abundance of Escherichia coli, and enriched lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. Limosilactobacillus mucosae and Limosilactobacillus reuteri were a signature bacterium that differentiated healthy and diarrheal piglets. Germ-free (GF) mice transplanted with fecal microbiota from diarrheal piglets reproduced diarrheal disease symptoms. Administration of Limosilactobacillus mucosae but not Limosilactobacillus reuteri alleviated diarrheal disease symptoms induced by fecal microbiota of diarrheal piglets and by ETEC K88 challenge. Notably, Limosilactobacillus mucosae-derived extracellular vesicles alleviated diarrheal disease symptoms caused by ETEC K88 by regulating macrophage phenotypes. Macrophage elimination experiments demonstrated that the extracellular vesicles alleviated diarrheal disease symptoms in a macrophage-dependent manner. Our findings provide insights into the pathogenesis of diarrheal disease from the perspective of intestinal microbiota and the development of probiotic-based antidiarrheal therapeutic strategies.
Insights
Certain bacteria like Limosilactobacillus mucosae can combat diarrheal disease by modulating the gut microbiome. This study reveals how these probiotics and their extracellular vesicles work, offering new therapeutic strategies for gut health.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Gastroenterology
- Immunology
Background:
- Diarrheal disease leads to high mortality, particularly in young populations.
- The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in diarrheal diseases, but probiotic mechanisms remain unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the antidiarrheal mechanisms of specific probiotic strains.
- To elucidate the role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in diarrheal disease pathogenesis.
Main Methods:
- Utilized neonatal piglets as a translational model for diarrheal disease.
- Employed germ-free mice transplanted with fecal microbiota from diarrheal piglets.
- Administered Limosilactobacillus mucosae and its extracellular vesicles to challenge models.
Main Results:
- Diarrheal piglets exhibited gut dysbiosis, with reduced Lactobacillus and increased Escherichia coli.
- Limosilactobacillus mucosae, but not Limosilactobacillus reuteri, alleviated diarrheal symptoms.
- Extracellular vesicles from Limosilactobacillus mucosae reduced ETEC K88-induced diarrhea by regulating macrophage phenotypes.
Conclusions:
- Limosilactobacillus mucosae and its extracellular vesicles show promise as antidiarrheal agents.
- Macrophage regulation is a key mechanism in the antidiarrheal effects of Limosilactobacillus mucosae extracellular vesicles.
- Findings offer insights into diarrheal disease pathogenesis and probiotic-based therapies.
