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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 27, 2025

High Throughput Microinjections of Sea Urchin Zygotes
12:40

High Throughput Microinjections of Sea Urchin Zygotes

Published on: January 21, 2014

14.6K

REFRACTIVE INDEX OF THE PROTOPLASM IN SEA URCHIN EGGS.

Y Hiramoto1, Shumei Shimoda1, Yôko Shôji1

  • 1Biological Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152, Japan.

Development, Growth & Differentiation
|June 7, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Sea urchin egg protoplasm refractive index (RI) varies by region. The cortex has a higher RI than the endoplasm, while the nucleus and mitotic apparatus have lower RIs.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Understanding cellular composition is crucial for developmental biology.
  • Refractive index (RI) is a key biophysical property reflecting cellular content.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To map the refractive index distribution within sea urchin eggs.
  • To investigate RI changes during fertilization, mitosis, and cleavage.

Main Methods:

  • Interference microscopy was used to measure optical path differences.
  • Assumptions of cellular symmetry were applied for analysis.
  • Measurements were taken in unfertilized and fertilized eggs.

Main Results:

  • The RI of the unfertilized egg cytoplasm was uniform, except for a higher RI in the cortical region.

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  • The RI of the cortex remained higher than the endoplasm throughout mitosis and cleavage.
  • The nucleus and mitotic apparatus exhibited lower RIs compared to the surrounding cytoplasm.

    • Conclusions:

    • Regional RI variations in sea urchin eggs provide insights into protoplasmic composition.
    • RI measurements offer a non-invasive method to study cellular dynamics during development.