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IN VITRO EFFECT OF HORMONES ON THE BARK OF PLUMERIA RUBRA LINN. VAR. ACTUIFOLIA BAILEY.

Chhanda Bhaumik1, Gopa Sen1, P C Datta1

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Plant hormones like Kinetin (K), GA3, and IAA significantly altered Plumeria rubra bark tissue development. GA3 and IAA promoted phloem growth and parenchyma cell formation, while Kinetin impacted sieve tube and parenchyma cell frequencies.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Physiology
  • Plant Tissue Culture
  • Botany

Background:

  • Plumeria rubra Linn. var. acutifolia Bailey bark tissue contains cambium, crucial for secondary growth.
  • Plant hormones play a vital role in regulating cell differentiation and tissue development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of Kinetin (K), GA3, and IAA on Plumeria rubra bark tissue cultured in vitro.
  • To determine how different concentrations of these hormones influence phloem development, cell morphology, and frequency.

Main Methods:

  • Young Plumeria rubra bark explants with cambium were cultured on solid media supplemented with Kinetin, GA3, or IAA at varying concentrations (0.05–0.20 mg/L).
  • Nutrient supply was lateral, through the cambium zone.
  • Histological analysis focused on phloem zone amount, sieve tube member length and frequency, parenchyma cell frequency and diameter, and ray frequency.

Main Results:

  • GA3 significantly increased phloem zone width; K and IAA showed lesser increases.
  • All hormones dissolved the lignified secondary wall of pericyclic living fibres.
  • Sieve tube member length decreased with increasing hormone concentration. Kinetin and GA3 increased parenchyma cell frequency, while IAA also increased it progressively. GA3 and IAA increased ray frequency and decreased parenchyma cell diameter at higher concentrations, whereas Kinetin increased parenchyma cell diameter.

Conclusions:

  • Plant growth regulators Kinetin, GA3, and IAA differentially affect Plumeria rubra bark tissue differentiation and development.
  • GA3 and IAA show potential for promoting phloem tissue expansion and parenchyma cell formation, while Kinetin influences cell type frequencies.
  • Hormonal treatments impact key anatomical features, including sieve tube length, cell diameter, and tissue proportions, offering insights into secondary growth regulation.