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Related Concept Videos

Collisions in Multiple Dimensions: Problem Solving01:06

Collisions in Multiple Dimensions: Problem Solving

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In multiple dimensions, the conservation of momentum applies in each direction independently. Hence, to solve collisions in multiple dimensions, we should write down the momentum conservation in each direction separately. To help understand collisions in multiple dimensions, consider an example.
A small car of mass 1,200 kg traveling east at 60 km/h collides at an intersection with a truck of mass 3,000 kg traveling due north at 40 km/h. The two vehicles are locked together. What is the...
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Collisions in Multiple Dimensions: Introduction01:05

Collisions in Multiple Dimensions: Introduction

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It is far more common for collisions to occur in two dimensions; that is, the initial velocity vectors are neither parallel nor antiparallel to each other. Let's see what complications arise from this. The first idea is that momentum is a vector. Like all vectors, it can be expressed as a sum of perpendicular components (usually, though not always, an x-component and a y-component, and a z-component if necessary). Thus, when the statement of conservation of momentum is written for a...
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Elastic Collisions: Case Study01:15

Elastic Collisions: Case Study

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Elastic collision of a system demands conservation of both momentum and kinetic energy. To solve problems involving one-dimensional elastic collisions between two objects, the equations for conservation of momentum and conservation of internal kinetic energy can be used. For the two objects, the sum of momentum before the collision equals the total momentum after the collision. An elastic collision conserves internal kinetic energy, and so the sum of kinetic energies before the collision equals...
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Types of Collisions - II01:19

Types of Collisions - II

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When two or more objects collide with each other, they can stick together to form one single composite object (after collision). The total mass of the object after the collision is the sum of the masses of the original objects, and it moves with a velocity dictated by the conservation of momentum. Although the system's total momentum remains constant, the kinetic energy decreases, and thus such a collision is an inelastic collision. Most of the collisions between objects in daily life are...
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Elastic Collisions: Introduction01:00

Elastic Collisions: Introduction

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An elastic collision is one that conserves both internal kinetic energy and momentum. Internal kinetic energy is the sum of the kinetic energies of the objects in a system. Truly elastic collisions can only be achieved with subatomic particles, such as electrons striking nuclei. Macroscopic collisions can be very nearly, but not quite, elastic, as some kinetic energy is always converted into other forms of energy such as heat transfer due to friction and sound. An example of a nearly...
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Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes-Problem Solving01:29

Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes-Problem Solving

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Consider a crane whose telescopic boom rotates with an angular velocity of 0.04 rad/s and angular acceleration of 0.02 rad/s2. Along with the rotation, the boom also extends linearly with a uniform speed of 5 m/s. The extension of the boom is measured at point D, which is measured with respect to the fixed point C on the other end of the boom. For the given instant, the distance between points C and D is 60 meters.
Here, in order to determine the magnitude of velocity and acceleration for point...
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An Image-Based Human-Robot Collision Avoidance Scheme: A Proof of Concept.

Ziyang Xie1, Lu Lu1, Hanwen Wang1

  • 1Edward P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.

IISE Transactions on Occupational Ergonomics and Human Factors
|June 7, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a computer vision system for human-robot collision avoidance in industrial settings. Utilizing a standard RGB camera, the system enhances safety by proactively preventing collisions and offers a wider detection range for large workplaces.

Keywords:
Collaborative robotcollision avoidancecomputer visionrisk assessmentrobot kinematics

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Area of Science:

  • Robotics
  • Computer Vision
  • Occupational Safety

Background:

  • Human-robot interaction in industrial environments presents significant safety risks.
  • Collisions between humans and robots can lead to injuries and operational disruptions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a reliable and cost-effective human-robot collision avoidance system.
  • To enhance occupational safety in modern industrial plants through proactive collision prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of a computer vision system using a standard RGB camera.
  • Development of algorithms for proactive detection and prevention of human-robot collisions.

Main Results:

  • The system effectively prevents dangerous collisions between humans and robots.
  • The use of an RGB camera offers a convenient and cost-effective solution.
  • The proposed method significantly extends the effective detection range compared to prior studies.

Conclusions:

  • The developed system provides a practical and efficient solution for human-robot collision avoidance.
  • This technology can improve safety and productivity in industrial settings with human-robot collaboration.
  • The extended detection range makes the system suitable for monitoring large-scale workplaces.