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Updated: Jul 27, 2025

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Ex situ perfusion fixation for brain banking: a technical report.

Andrew T McKenzie1,2,3,4, Emma Woodoff-Leith1,2,3, Diana Dangoor1,2,3

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.

Free Neuropathology
|June 7, 2023
PubMed
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Developing a flexible perfusion fixation protocol for postmortem human brain banking is crucial. This method aims for high-fidelity preservation for advanced brain mapping, addressing practical challenges in brain banking settings.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Research
  • Histology

Background:

  • Perfusion fixation enhances tissue preservation in animal research.
  • Growing interest exists in applying perfusion fixation to postmortem human brains for high-resolution morphomolecular studies.
  • Brain banking faces challenges like organ size, vascular integrity, and varied research needs for perfusion fixation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a flexible and scalable ex situ perfusion fixation protocol for postmortem human brain banking.
  • To address practical barriers encountered when implementing perfusion fixation in a brain banking context.

Main Methods:

  • The study reports the development and implementation of an ex situ perfusion fixation protocol for postmortem human brains.
  • Challenges and lessons learned during protocol implementation are discussed.
Keywords:
Brain bankingEx vivo neuroimagingPerfusion fixationPerfusion pressurePostmortem intervalRNAscopeTissue morphology

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Last Updated: Jul 27, 2025

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Main Results:

  • Routine morphological staining and RNA in situ hybridization confirmed well-preserved tissue cytoarchitecture and biomolecular signal in perfused brains.
  • The protocol's superiority over immersion fixation for histology quality remains uncertain.
  • Ex vivo MRI indicated potential imaging artifacts, such as air bubbles, introduced by the perfusion fixation.

Conclusions:

  • The developed perfusion fixation protocol offers a potentially rigorous and reproducible method for preparing postmortem human brains.
  • Further research is needed to validate its benefits over immersion fixation and to mitigate observed imaging artifacts.