Diagnostic criteria of chronic conjunctivitis: atopic keratoconjunctivitis and vernal keratoconjunctivitis

Chronic ocular allergies, vernal (VKC) and atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) are relatively rare conditions that require definite diagnostic criteria to the most appropriate therapeutical approach.

The diagnosis of both VKC and AKC is generally based on clinical history, signs and symptoms, and the results of allergic tests, which allow to identify the different diseases phenotypes. However, other subtypes of the two diseases and/or overlaps may occur making the diagnosis non always so clear, such as VKC and AKC overlaps or adult-like VKC disease. Each of these phenotypes may be sustained by different mechanisms which are still not well defined but not only related to a type 2 inflammation. The further challenges will be to correlate clinical or molecular biomarkers to a single subtype or disease severity.

Definite criteria of chronic allergies will further guide to more specific therapeutical approaches.