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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Special Senses01:26

Introduction to Special Senses

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Sensory receptors play an integral part in comprehending our external and internal environments. They receive diverse stimuli, converting them into the nervous system's electrochemical signals. This conversion occurs as the stimulus alters the sensory neuron's cell membrane potential, instigating the generation of an action potential. This action potential is subsequently transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), which integrates with other sensory data or higher cognitive...
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Sensation01:21

Sensation

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Sensory receptors are specialized neurons that respond to specific types of external stimuli, initiating the process known as sensation. This occurs when sensory input, such as light entering the eye, is detected by these receptors, causing chemical changes in the cells of the retina. These cells then convert the sensory stimulus into action potentials that are transmitted to the central nervous system, a process termed transduction.
Absolute thresholds can quantify the sensitivity of sensory...
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What is Cell Signaling?02:03

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Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate to respond to the environment.
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Overview of Cell Signaling01:23

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Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate with the environment.
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Introduction to Sensory Receptors01:31

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Sensory receptors are vital in our ability to perceive and interpret the world. Sensory receptors are specialized cells in the peripheral nervous system that respond to various stimuli and enable one to experience different sensations. Based on specific criteria, sensory receptors are classified into distinct types.
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Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System01:11

Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System

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The somatosensory system is the central and peripheral nervous system component that senses and processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position or proprioception. The process of sensation takes place at three levels:
The receptor level:
The receptor level is the first stage of sensation. It involves the detection of a stimulus by specialized sensory receptors. The stimulus must arrive within the receptor's receptive field. Next, the receptor converts the energy of the...
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Correlative Confocal and 3D Electron Microscopy of a Specific Sensory Cell
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How it feels in a cell.

Martina Bonucci1, Tong Shu1, Liam J Holt1

  • 1Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Langone Medical Center, 435 E 30th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA.

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The cell

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cellular environments are crowded and active, unlike simple in vitro systems.
  • Macromolecules occupy over a third of intracellular space.
  • Energy-consuming processes create a dynamic intracellular milieu.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of the crowded and active cellular environment on macromolecular motion and assembly.
  • To emphasize the role of mesoscale particles (10-1000 nm).
  • To explore how cellular biophysical properties influence physiology and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cellular biophysics.
  • Discussion of methods to probe intracellular environments.
  • Analysis of macromolecular behavior in crowded, active conditions.

Main Results:

  • The crowded and active cellular interior significantly affects macromolecular dynamics and assembly.
  • Mesoscale particle behavior is particularly influenced by these conditions.
  • Changes in cellular biophysical properties are linked to physiological functions and disease states.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the intracellular environment is crucial for comprehending cellular function.
  • Cellular biophysics plays a role in aging and diseases like cancer and neurodegeneration.
  • Further research into cellular biophysical properties can reveal new therapeutic targets.