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Seed type and origin-dependent seedling emergence patterns in

S Holden Jones1, Paul B Reed2, Bitty A Roy3

  • 1School of Life Sciences University of Hawai'i at Mānoa Honolulu Hawaii 96822 USA.

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Cleistogamous seeds of Danthonia californica outperformed chasmogamous seeds in restoration experiments, showing no local adaptation but better emergence. These findings suggest cleistogamous seeds are valuable for prairie ecosystem restoration.

Keywords:
climate warmingcommon gardenlocal adaptationnonlocal

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Restoration Ecology
  • Plant Biology

Background:

  • Danthonia californica (California oatgrass) is crucial for western US prairie restoration.
  • This species produces both chasmogamous (outcrossed) and cleistogamous (self-fertilized) seeds.
  • Restoration typically uses chasmogamous seeds, expecting better performance in new environments due to genetic diversity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the influence of seed type (chasmogamous vs. cleistogamous) and source population on seedling emergence in Danthonia californica.
  • To determine if local adaptation exists for either seed type.
  • To inform restoration practices regarding seed selection.

Main Methods:

  • A common garden experiment was conducted at two sites in the Willamette Valley, Oregon.
  • Seedling emergence was assessed for eight Danthonia californica populations sourced along a latitudinal gradient.
  • Seed type, seed source, and their interactions were analyzed for their effects on emergence.

Main Results:

  • No evidence of local adaptation was found for either chasmogamous or cleistogamous seeds.
  • Cleistogamous seeds consistently outperformed chasmogamous seeds in emergence, irrespective of seed source (local or nonlocal).
  • Seedling emergence was positively correlated with average seed weight, despite chasmogamous seeds being heavier.

Conclusions:

  • Cleistogamous seeds demonstrate superior performance in common garden experiments for Danthonia californica restoration.
  • The findings challenge the assumption that only outcrossed seeds are suitable for novel environments.
  • Restoration practitioners should consider increasing the use of cleistogamous seeds for Danthonia californica restoration projects.