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Mehrdad Afarid1, Hossein Bahari1, Fatemeh Sanie-Jahromi1

  • 1Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research : the Official Journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research
|June 8, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Interferon (IFN) α-2b shows dual effects in diabetic retinopathy (DR) models. Lower doses reduce blood vessel growth, while higher doses offer neuroprotection but increase inflammation, requiring careful treatment selection.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology and Molecular Biology
  • Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) Pathogenesis
  • Retinal Pigmented Epithelial (RPE) Cell Biology

Background:

  • Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is characterized by angiogenesis, retinal neuropathy, and inflammation.
  • Retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells are critical in DR progression.
  • Understanding molecular mechanisms is key for developing effective DR treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the in vitro effects of interferon (IFN) α-2b on RPE cells.
  • To analyze gene expression related to apoptosis, inflammation, neuroprotection, and angiogenesis.
  • To determine optimal IFN α-2b dosage and duration for potential therapeutic applications in DR.

Main Methods:

  • RPE cells were co-cultured with IFN α-2b at doses of 500 and 1,000 IU.
Keywords:
IFN α-2bRPEangiogenesisapoptosisinflammationneuroprotection

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  • Treatment durations included 24 and 48 hours.
  • Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the expression of BCL-2, BAX, BDNF, VEGF, and IL-1b genes.

    • Main Results:

    • IFN α-2b at 1,000 IU for 48 hours upregulated BCL-2, BAX, BDNF, and IL-1b, with a stable BCL-2/BAX ratio (~1:1).
    • VEGF expression was downregulated in RPE cells treated with 500 IU for 24 hours, indicating an anti-angiogenic effect.
    • Higher doses/longer duration promoted neuroprotection and inflammation, while lower doses/shorter duration showed anti-angiogenic effects.

    Conclusions:

    • IFN α-2b demonstrates dose- and time-dependent effects on RPE cells.
    • It offers potential neuroprotection and anti-angiogenesis but also induces inflammation.
    • Tailoring IFN α-2b concentration and treatment duration is crucial for managing DR based on disease stage and type.