Diet and Food and Nutrition Insecurity and Cardiometabolic Disease
Eric J Brandt1,2, Dariush Mozaffarian3, Cindy W Leung4
1Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (E.J.B., V.L.M.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Poor nutrition significantly impacts health and productivity, often leading to cardiometabolic diseases. This review distinguishes food insecurity from nutrition insecurity, highlighting their roles in health disparities and future research needs.
Area of Science:
- Public Health and Nutrition Science
- Social Determinants of Health Research
Background:
- Poor nutrition is a primary driver of poor health, healthcare costs, and lost productivity globally.
- Social determinants of health, such as food insecurity, significantly influence cardiometabolic disease development.
- Nutrition insecurity is a distinct, direct determinant of health outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the relationship between early-life diet and cardiometabolic disease.
- To differentiate and explore the concepts of food insecurity and nutrition insecurity.
- To provide a foundation for future research and interventions addressing food and nutrition insecurity.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on diet, cardiometabolic disease, food insecurity, and nutrition insecurity.
- Conceptual analysis distinguishing between food and nutrition insecurity.
- Examination of measurement tools, trends, prevalence, and health links.
Main Results:
- Poor nutrition and related insecurities are linked to cardiometabolic diseases and health disparities.
- Clear distinctions are made between food insecurity and nutrition insecurity.
- Current data highlights the prevalence and impact of these insecurities.
Conclusions:
- Addressing food and nutrition insecurity is crucial for improving public health and reducing healthcare burdens.
- Further research and practice are needed to mitigate the negative health consequences of these insecurities.
- Understanding the nuances of food and nutrition insecurity is vital for targeted interventions.
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