Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood01:19

Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood

2.1K
Carbon dioxide (CO2) transport in the blood is critical to human physiology. On average, our body cells produce around 200 mL of CO2 per minute, precisely the quantity expelled by the lungs. This process involves the transportation of CO2 from the tissue cells to the lungs in three primary forms.
Forms of CO2 Transport
1. Dissolved in plasma: A small percentage (7-10%) of CO2 is transported and dissolved directly in the plasma.
2. Carbaminohemoglobin: Just over 20% of CO2 is chemically bound to...
2.1K
Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion01:17

Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion

1.0K
Understanding and evaluating diffusion and perfusion is critical in assessing a patient's respiratory and circulatory health. These processes play key roles in maintaining the body's internal environment, ensuring that tissues receive adequate oxygen while waste products are efficiently removed.
The Role of Diffusion in Respiration
Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. In the respiratory system, this...
1.0K
Hypoxia01:23

Hypoxia

1.1K
Hypoxia is a medical condition characterized by an inadequate oxygen supply to body tissues. It typically manifests as a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucosae, especially in fair-skinned individuals, when hemoglobin (Hb) saturation drops below 75%.
Types of Hypoxia
There are four primary types of hypoxia, each resulting from a different cause:
1. Anemic hypoxia: This type occurs due to insufficient oxygen delivery caused by a lack of red blood cells (RBCs) or RBCs with abnormal or...
1.1K
Oxygen Transport in the Blood01:27

Oxygen Transport in the Blood

2.9K
Hemoglobin (Hb) is a crucial molecule in the human body, consisting of four polypeptide chains, each bound to an iron-containing heme group. This unique structure enables hemoglobin to bind to oxygen, with each molecule capable of combining with four molecules of oxygen, leading to rapid and reversible oxygen loading. When fully loaded with oxygen, it is called oxyhemoglobin, while hemoglobin that has released oxygen is called reduced hemoglobin or deoxyhemoglobin. As hemoglobin binds oxygen,...
2.9K
Loss of Carboxy Group as CO2: Decarboxylation of β-Ketoacids01:02

Loss of Carboxy Group as CO2: Decarboxylation of β-Ketoacids

3.2K
Carboxylic acids, upon heating, undergo a decarboxylation reaction by releasing carbon dioxide gas. Monocarboxylic acids do not undergo decarboxylation easily. However, a silver salt of carboxylic acid reacts with bromine or iodine under high temperature to release carbon dioxide gas and forms halide with one less carbon. This reaction is called the Hunsdiecker reaction.
3.2K
Respiratory Assessment: Purpose and Indications01:19

Respiratory Assessment: Purpose and Indications

1.1K
Respiratory assessment is a cornerstone of nursing assessments, crucial for the early detection of patient deterioration. This evaluation transcends routine procedures, representing a critical skill nurses must master to ensure optimal patient care.
Objectives and Importance:
The primary goal of respiratory assessment is to evaluate patients at early risk of clinical deterioration. Since respiratory distress often precedes other signs of declining health, breathing patterns and sounds become a...
1.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Polypropylene Mesh Augmentation in Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Improves Biomechanical Performance Without Additional Inflammation: A Biomechanical Study in an Animal Model.

Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association·2026
Same author

Single-Bundle Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Autologous Hamstrings With Mesh and Suture Tape Augmentation With Transtibial Tubercle Fixation.

Arthroscopy techniques·2026
Same author

Internal brace augmentation in ACL reconstruction increases structural strength and stiffness: a biomechanical study in a porcine tibia model.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

[Research progress of suture augmentation in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction].

Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery·2025
Same author

Single-Bundle Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Suture Tape Augmentation and Transtibial Tubercle Fixation.

Arthroscopy techniques·2024
Same author

Self-assembly of snowflake-like Cu<sub>2</sub>S with ultrathin ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> nanosheets to form S-scheme heterojunctions for photocatalytic hydrogen production.

Journal of colloid and interface science·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 27, 2025

Expired CO2 Measurement in Intubated or Spontaneously Breathing Patients from the Emergency Department
07:52

Expired CO2 Measurement in Intubated or Spontaneously Breathing Patients from the Emergency Department

Published on: January 29, 2011

16.2K

Application of Co

Junhua You1, Jingjing Li1, Zhiwei Wang1

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, 110870, China.

Chemosphere
|June 8, 2023
PubMed
Summary

A new electrochemical sensor using cobalt oxide nanocrystals and reduced graphene oxide can simultaneously detect trace levels of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in environmental samples. This sensor offers high sensitivity and selectivity for heavy metal detection.

Keywords:
Co(3)O(4) nanocrystalsCo-detectionElectrochemical testingGO layerWater resources

More Related Videos

Achieving Moderate Pressures in Sealed Vessels Using Dry Ice As a Solid CO2 Source
06:26

Achieving Moderate Pressures in Sealed Vessels Using Dry Ice As a Solid CO2 Source

Published on: August 17, 2018

10.0K
A Uniaxial Compression Experiment with CO2-Bearing Coal Using a Visualized and Constant-Volume Gas-Solid Coupling Test System
10:27

A Uniaxial Compression Experiment with CO2-Bearing Coal Using a Visualized and Constant-Volume Gas-Solid Coupling Test System

Published on: June 12, 2019

8.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 27, 2025

Expired CO2 Measurement in Intubated or Spontaneously Breathing Patients from the Emergency Department
07:52

Expired CO2 Measurement in Intubated or Spontaneously Breathing Patients from the Emergency Department

Published on: January 29, 2011

16.2K
Achieving Moderate Pressures in Sealed Vessels Using Dry Ice As a Solid CO2 Source
06:26

Achieving Moderate Pressures in Sealed Vessels Using Dry Ice As a Solid CO2 Source

Published on: August 17, 2018

10.0K
A Uniaxial Compression Experiment with CO2-Bearing Coal Using a Visualized and Constant-Volume Gas-Solid Coupling Test System
10:27

A Uniaxial Compression Experiment with CO2-Bearing Coal Using a Visualized and Constant-Volume Gas-Solid Coupling Test System

Published on: June 12, 2019

8.7K

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Heavy metal contamination by cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) poses significant environmental and health risks.
  • Accurate sensing of these toxic metals in environmental samples is crucial for risk assessment and ecosystem monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel electrochemical sensor for simultaneous detection of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions.
  • To fabricate and characterize a sensor based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and cobalt oxide nanocrystals (Co3O4).

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of the Co3O4 nanocrystals/rGO composite material.
  • Characterization using various analytical techniques.
  • Electrochemical detection of Cd(II) and Pb(II) using Square Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (SWASV).

Main Results:

  • The Co3O4 nanocrystals/rGO sensor demonstrated high sensitivity and selectivity for simultaneous Cd(II) and Pb(II) detection.
  • The sensor detected heavy metals in the range of 0.1-450 ppb with low limits of detection (LOD) of 0.034 ppb for Pb(II) and 0.062 ppb for Cd(II).
  • The sensor exhibited excellent interference resistance, reproducibility, and stability.

Conclusions:

  • The developed Co3O4 nanocrystals/rGO electrochemical sensor is a promising tool for sensitive and selective simultaneous detection of Cd(II) and Pb(II) in aqueous samples.
  • This sensor offers a reliable method for monitoring heavy metal contamination in environmental samples.