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Summary

This study shows the aquatic plant Monochoria hastate L. effectively removes fluoride ions from water. The plant accumulated the highest fluoride concentration in its root biomass after 21 days in hydroponic culture.

Keywords:
CharacterizationMonochoria hastate Lfluoridephytoaccumulationstatistical analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Bioremediation
  • Plant Physiology

Background:

  • Fluoride contamination in water poses significant health risks.
  • Conventional water treatment methods can be costly and inefficient.
  • Bioremediation using aquatic plants offers a sustainable alternative.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of Monochoria hastate L. for fluoride ion accumulation from contaminated water.
  • To optimize fluoride removal using hydroponic culture and design of experiments (DOE).
  • To elucidate the mechanism of fluoride accumulation in the plant.

Main Methods:

  • Hydroponic culture of Monochoria hastate L.
  • Design of Experiments (DOE) to analyze process parameters (root/shoot, fluoride concentration, experimental days).
  • Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for statistical significance.
  • Characterization using Scanning Electron Micrographs-Energy Dispersive Spectrum (SEM-EDS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR).

Main Results:

  • Monochoria hastate L. demonstrated significant fluoride accumulation.
  • Optimal accumulation occurred at 5 mg/L fluoride concentration over 21 days.
  • Highest accumulation was observed in root biomass (1.23 mg/gm) and shoot biomass (0.820 mg/gm).

Conclusions:

  • Monochoria hastate L. is a promising aquatic plant for fluoride bioremediation.
  • Fluoride accumulation is linked to root cell plasma membranes and adenosine triphosphate.
  • SEM-EDS and FTIR confirmed fluoride ion presence in plant tissues.