Design modification of surgical drill bit for final osteotomy site preparation towards improved bone-implant contact

Implant stability significantly impacts accelerated osseointegration, leading to faster patient recovery. Both primary and secondary stability necessitates superior bone-implant contact influenced by the surgical tool required to prepare the final osteotomy site. Besides, excessive shearing and frictional forces generate heat causing local tissue necrosis. Hence, surgical procedure necessitates proper irrigation with water to minimize heat generation. Notably, the water irrigation system removes bone chips and osseous coagulums, which may help accelerate osseointegration and improve bone-implant contact. The inferior bone-implant contact and thermal necrosis at the osteotomy site are primarily responsible for poor osseointegration and eventual failure. Therefore, optimizing tool geometry is key to minimizing shear force, heat generation, and necrosis during final osteotomy site preparation. The present study explores modified drilling tool geometry, especially cutting edge for osteotomy site preparation. The mathematical modeling is used to find out ideal cutting-edge geometry that facilitates drilling under relatively less operational force (0.55-5.24 N) and torque (98.8-154.5 N-mm) with a significant reduction (28.78%-30.87%) in heat generation. Twenty-three conceivable designs were obtained using the mathematical model; however, only three have shown promising results in static structural FEM platforms. These drill bits are designed for the final drilling operation and need to be carried out during the final osteotomy site preparation.