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Whole Grain Proso Millet (

Xu Deng1, Jiayi Liang1, Lehui Wang1

  • 1College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
|June 9, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Whole grain proso millet (WPM) effectively lowers blood glucose and improves insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. It achieves this by regulating specific microRNAs and activating the PI3K/AKT pathway to reduce glucose production.

Keywords:
GluconeogenesisHyperglycemiaMiRNA profileObesityProso milletType 2 diabetes mellitusWhole grain diet

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Area of Science:

  • Metabolic disorders
  • Nutritional science
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing global health concern.
  • Dietary interventions are crucial for managing T2DM.
  • Whole grain proso millet (WPM) shows potential for glycemic control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hypoglycemic effects of WPM in a mouse model of T2DM.
  • To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of WPM's action.
  • To explore WPM's impact on miRNA expression and signaling pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Induction of T2DM in mice using a high-fat diet and streptozotocin.
  • Supplementation with WPM and assessment of glycemic control and metabolic parameters.
  • Analysis of gluconeogenesis-related gene expression.
  • High-throughput miRNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis (GO, KEGG).
  • Western blot analysis of key proteins in the PI3K/AKT pathway.

Main Results:

  • WPM supplementation significantly reduced fasting blood glucose, improved glucose tolerance, and ameliorated lipid profiles in T2DM mice.
  • WPM inhibited key gluconeogenesis genes (G6pase, Pepck, Foxo1, Pgc-1α).
  • WPM altered liver miRNA expression, notably upregulating miR-144-3p and miR-423-5p, and downregulating miR-22-5p and miR-30a-3p.
  • Target genes of these miRNAs were enriched in the PI3K/AKT pathway, with WPM increasing PI3K, p-AKT, and GSK3β levels.

Conclusions:

  • WPM exerts significant antidiabetic effects in T2DM mice.
  • WPM improves glycemic control by modulating miRNA profiles and activating the PI3K/AKT pathway.
  • WPM inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis, offering a potential dietary strategy for T2DM management.