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Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

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Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of...
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Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment00:59

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment

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All atomic nuclei are positively charged. When they have a nonzero spin, they behave like rotating charges. As a consequence of their charge and spin, these nuclei generate a magnetic field (B). This, in turn, gives rise to a magnetic moment (μ), which is randomly oriented in the absence of an external magnetic field. When an external magnetic field (B0) is applied, the magnetic moment vectors can align with the field or against it in 2 + 1 orientations. A hydrogen nucleus, which is just a...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

1.0K
Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
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Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

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Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
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Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope
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Néel Spin Currents in Antiferromagnets.

Ding-Fu Shao1, Yuan-Yuan Jiang1,2, Jun Ding3

  • 1Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.

Physical Review Letters
|June 9, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fully compensated antiferromagnets can host Néel spin currents, enabling spin-dependent transport phenomena. These currents drive tunneling magnetoresistance and spin-transfer torque for antiferromagnetic spintronics applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Spintronics

Background:

  • Ferromagnetic materials support spin-polarized currents crucial for spintronics.
  • Fully compensated antiferromagnets were traditionally considered to have only spin-neutral currents.
  • This limited their perceived utility in advanced spintronic devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate that globally spin-neutral currents in antiferromagnets can manifest as Néel spin currents.
  • To show that these Néel spin currents can drive spin-dependent transport phenomena.
  • To explore the potential of antiferromagnetic tunnel junctions (AFMTJs) for novel spintronic applications.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical investigation of spin-polarized currents in antiferromagnets.
  • Modeling of Néel spin current generation in materials with strong intrasublattice coupling.
  • Simulation of spin-dependent transport phenomena like tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) and spin-transfer torque (STT) in AFMTJs.

Main Results:

  • Identified Néel spin currents as staggered spin currents flowing through different magnetic sublattices.
  • Showcased the emergence of Néel spin currents in antiferromagnets with strong intrasublattice coupling.
  • Predicted that Néel spin currents in RuO2 and Fe4GeTe2 can generate significant fieldlike spin-transfer torque for deterministic Néel vector switching.

Conclusions:

  • Fully compensated antiferromagnets possess unexplored potential for spintronics.
  • Néel spin currents offer a new pathway for efficient information writing and reading in antiferromagnetic spintronics.
  • This research opens avenues for developing next-generation spintronic devices based on antiferromagnets.