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Related Concept Videos

Volatilization01:10

Volatilization

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Volatilization gravimetry is an analytical technique that measures the mass lost due to the volatilization of the substance. This technique is used to estimate the amount of volatile material in a sample. To perform this method, heat a known amount of the sample to a high temperature in a crucible or other suitable vessel. The volatile substance in the sample evaporates, and the vapor is completely expelled from the crucible either by heating the sample or bubbling a stream of inert gas through...
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Vapor Pressure Lowering03:28

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The equilibrium vapor pressure of a liquid is the pressure exerted by its gaseous phase when vaporization and condensation are occurring at equal rates:
 
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Organic Compounds03:02

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All living things are formed mostly of carbon compounds called organic compounds. The category of organic compounds includes both natural and synthetic compounds that contain carbon. Although a single, precise definition has yet to be identified by the chemistry community, most agree that a defining trait of organic molecules is the presence of carbon as the principal element, bonded to hydrogen and other carbon atoms. However, some carbon-containing compounds such as carbonates, cyanides, and...
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Vapor Pressure02:34

Vapor Pressure

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When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules move randomly about, they will occasionally collide with the surface of the condensed phase, and in some cases, these collisions will result in the molecules re-entering the condensed phase. The change from the gas phase to the liquid is called condensation. When the rate of condensation becomes equal to the rate of vaporization, neither the amount of the liquid nor the amount of the vapor...
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Inductive Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview01:27

Inductive Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview

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The protons in unsubstituted alkanes are strongly shielded with chemical shifts below 1.8 ppm. Methine, methylene, and methyl protons appear at approximately 1.7, 1.2 and 0.7 ppm, while the proton signal from methane appears at 0.23 ppm. An electronegative substituent, such as chlorine, withdraws the electron density from the protons, increasing their chemical shift. Progressive substitution of the hydrogens in methane by chlorine shifts the proton signals increasingly downfield, to 3.05 ppm in...
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Infrared spectroscopy, also known as vibrational spectroscopy, is mainly used to determine the types of bonds and functional groups in molecules. In aldehydes and ketones, the carbonyl (C=O) bond shows an absorption around 1710 cm-1. The C=O bond vibration of an aldehyde occurs at lower frequencies than that of a ketone. In addition to the C=O absorption in an aldehyde, the aldehydic C–H bond also gives two peaks in the 2700–2800 cm-1 range. This absorption, coupled with the...
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Identifying Early-Stage Changes in Volatile Organic Compounds of

Jiyu Cheng1, Jiawen Wu1, Zhihao Liu1

  • 1College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.

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|June 10, 2023
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Summary

Early detection of black rot in sweet potatoes is possible by analyzing volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This study identified key VOCs linked to Ceratocystis fimbriata infection for disease monitoring.

Keywords:
C. fimbriataHS-GC-IMSVOCsdiscriminationinfectsweet potato

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Pathology
  • Food Science
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Ceratocystis fimbriata causes black rot in sweet potatoes, impacting flavor and producing toxins.
  • Early detection of this pathogen is crucial for preventing crop loss and ensuring food safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated with early-stage black rot in sweet potatoes.
  • To establish VOC profiles for monitoring Ceratocystis fimbriata infection.

Main Methods:

  • Headspace gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) was used to detect VOCs in infected sweet potatoes.
  • Biochemical analyses measured malondialdehyde, pyruvate, starch, soluble protein, and enzyme activities (LOX, PDC, ADH, PAL).
  • Chemometric methods like Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Orthogonal Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) were applied for discrimination.

Main Results:

  • 55 VOCs were identified, with aldehydes and ketones decreasing while alcohols and esters increased during infection.
  • Biochemical markers like malondialdehyde and pyruvate increased, starch decreased, and enzyme activities rose with infection time.
  • VOC profiles showed significant discrimination between healthy and infected sweet potatoes from 0 to 72 hours post-infection.

Conclusions:

  • Changes in VOCs correlate with biochemical alterations and enzyme activities in C. fimbriata-infected sweet potatoes.
  • Twenty-five differential VOCs were identified as potential biomarkers for early detection of black rot.
  • HS-GC-IMS combined with chemometrics offers a promising method for early disease monitoring in sweet potatoes.