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Signal processing techniques are essential for accurately converting continuous signals to digital formats and vice versa. When a continuous signal is sampled with a period T, the resulting sampled signal exhibits replicas of the original spectrum in the frequency domain, spaced at intervals equal to the sampling frequency. To handle this sampled signal, a zero-order hold method can be applied, which creates a piecewise constant signal by retaining each sample's value until the next...
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Updated: Jul 27, 2025

Extraction of the EPP Component from the Surface EMG
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Reducing Power Line Interference from sEMG Signals Based on Synchrosqueezed Wavelet Transform.

Jingcheng Chen1,2, Yining Sun1,2, Shaoming Sun1,2,3

  • 1Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 10, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new synchrosqueezed-wavelet-transform (SWT)-based filter effectively removes power line interference (PLI) from surface electromyography (sEMG) signals. This novel method outperforms traditional filtering techniques, preserving signal integrity for better analysis.

Keywords:
adaptive ridge extractionpower line interferencesurface electromyographysynchrosqueezed wavelet transform

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Signal Processing
  • Electrophysiology

Background:

  • Power line interference (PLI) significantly corrupts surface electromyography (sEMG) signals due to overlapping bandwidths.
  • Existing methods like notch filtering and spectral interpolation have limitations in completely removing PLI without distorting the sEMG signal or handling time-varying interference.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel and effective filter for removing power line interference (PLI) from surface electromyography (sEMG) signals.
  • To address the limitations of conventional PLI removal techniques, particularly concerning signal distortion and time-varying interference.

Main Methods:

  • A novel synchrosqueezed-wavelet-transform (SWT)-based filter was developed, incorporating a local SWT for reduced computation and maintained frequency resolution.
  • An adaptive threshold-based ridge location method and two distinct ridge extraction methods (REMs) were proposed to cater to diverse application needs.
  • The proposed filter's performance was rigorously evaluated against notch filtering and spectral interpolation using both simulated and real sEMG signals.

Main Results:

  • The proposed SWT-based filter achieved superior performance compared to traditional methods, as evidenced by quantitative metrics and time-frequency spectrum analysis.
  • The filter demonstrated significant improvements in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), with ranges of 18.53-24.57 and 18.57-26.92 for the two proposed REMs.
  • The developed filter effectively mitigated power line interference while preserving the integrity of the underlying sEMG signals.

Conclusions:

  • The novel synchrosqueezed-wavelet-transform (SWT)-based filter offers a significant advancement in removing power line interference from sEMG signals.
  • This method provides a more robust and accurate solution than existing techniques, especially for time-varying interference and minimizing signal distortion.
  • The proposed filter enhances the reliability of sEMG signal analysis for various biomedical applications.