Supplements for Lipid Lowering: What Does the Evidence Show?

In this review, the regulation, proposed hypolipidemic mechanism, and efficacy of common dietary supplements (DSs) marketed for cardiovascular health are discussed.

Data demonstrate modest but inconsistent lipid-lowering effects with common DSs such as probiotics, soluble fibers, plant sterols, green tea, berberine, guggul, niacin, and garlic. Furthermore, data is limited regarding turmeric, hawthorn, and cinnamon. Red yeast rice has shown to be a beneficial DS, but its safety and efficacy are dependent upon its production quality and monacolin K content, respectively. Finally, soy proteins and omega-3 fatty acid-rich foods can have significant health benefits if used to displace other animal products as part of a healthier diet. Despite the rising use of DSs, data demonstrate unpredictable results. Patients should be educated on the difference between these DSs and evidence-based lipid-lowering medications proven to improve cardiovascular outcomes.