Combination Therapy With CD147-Targeted Nanoparticles Carrying Phenformin Decreases Lung Cancer Growth

Lung cancer is one of the most fatal cancers worldwide. Resistance to conventional therapies remains a hindrance to patient treatment. Therefore, the development of more effective anti-cancer therapeutic strategies is imperative. Solid tumors exhibit a hyperglycolytic phenotype, leading to enhanced lactate production; and, consequently, its extrusion to the tumor microenvironment. Previous data reveals that inhibition of CD147, the chaperone of lactate transporters (MCTs), decreases lactate export in lung cancer cells and sensitizes them to phenformin, leading to a drastic decrease in cell growth. In this study, the development of anti-CD147 targeted liposomes (LUVs) carrying phenformin is envisioned, and their efficacy is evaluated to eliminate lung cancer cells. Herein, the therapeutic effect of free phenformin and anti-CD147 antibody, as well as the efficacy of anti-CD147 LUVs carrying phenformin on A549, H292, and PC-9 cell growth, metabolism, and invasion, are evaluated. Data reveals that phenformin decreases 2D and 3D-cancer cell growth and that the anti-CD147 antibody reduces cell invasion. Importantly, anti-CD147 LUVs carrying phenformin are internalized by cancer cells and impaired lung cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Overall, these results provide evidence for the effectiveness of anti-CD147 LUVs carrying phenformin in compromising lung cancer cell aggressiveness.