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Inequality Dynamics in Urban Manipur, India: A Decomposition Analysis
Utpal Kumar De1, Loitongbam Hena Devi1
1Department of Economics, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022 India.
Social Indicators Research
|June 12, 2023
Summary
Urban inequality in Manipur is rising, contrary to national trends, with rural areas showing higher inequality. Key factors include land ownership and salary-based employment, necessitating land redistribution and improved education for mitigation.
Area of Science:
- Socioeconomics
- Urban Studies
- Regional Economics
Background:
- Rapid urbanization in Manipur is concentrated in valley regions, prompting research into intra-state urban inequality.
- Manipur's per capita income lags significantly behind the all-India average, indicating economic disparities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the role of spatial factors in consumption inequality within Manipur, focusing on urban areas.
- To decompose consumption inequality using household characteristics to understand contributing factors.
Main Methods:
- Utilized unit-level National Sample Survey data across multiple rounds.
- Employed Regression-Based Inequality Decomposition to analyze factors influencing consumption inequality.
Main Results:
- Observed an increasing trend in the Gini coefficient for Manipur, despite slow per capita growth.
- Found higher consumption inequality in rural areas compared to urban areas in 2011-2012, diverging from the Indian trend.
- Identified within-component factors (district and sector) as major contributors to overall consumption inequality.
Conclusions:
- Factors such as land possession and regular salary earners significantly contribute to increased consumption inequality.
- Recommended justiciable land redistribution, enhanced education, and employment opportunities to address rising inequality in Manipur.
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