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Gender Effects on the Impact of Colorectal Cancer Risk Calculators on Screening Intentions: Experimental Study
Jungmin Lee1, Mark Keil1, Jong Seok Lee2
1J Mack Robinson College of Business, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
JMIR Formative Research
|June 12, 2023
Summary
Colorectal cancer (CRC) risk calculators increase screening intentions in men but decrease them in women by affecting perceived susceptibility. Patients should not solely rely on these tools for screening decisions.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Health Behavior Research
- Medical Informatics
Background:
- Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer death in the US, yet screening rates lag behind other cancers.
- Risk calculators aim to boost awareness and screening compliance, but their impact on intention is not well understood.
- Existing research shows inconsistent effects of CRC risk calculators, with some indicating reduced risk perception.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate how using CRC risk calculators influences individuals' intentions to undergo CRC screening.
- To explore perceived susceptibility to CRC as a mediator of this influence.
- To examine gender-based differences in the effect of CRC risk calculators on screening intentions.
Main Methods:
- 128 US-based participants (45-85 years, insured) were recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk.
- Participants were randomized to receive immediate CRC risk calculator results (treatment) or delayed results (control).
- Data collected included demographics, perceived CRC susceptibility, and screening intention.
Main Results:
- CRC risk calculators positively impacted screening intentions in men.
- In women, calculator use negatively affected perceived susceptibility, subsequently lowering screening intentions.
- Gender significantly moderated the relationship between perceived susceptibility and CRC screening intention.
Conclusions:
- CRC risk calculators can enhance screening intentions in men but decrease them in women.
- The differential impact is mediated by gender-specific changes in perceived susceptibility.
- While informative, CRC risk calculators should not be the sole basis for screening decisions.
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