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Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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The small, pea-sized pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain. It is crucial in regulating various bodily functions, from growth to reproduction. The gland is divided into the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe. The secretory cell clusters in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary lobe are controlled by hypothalamic regulators and synthesize six primary hormones.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 26, 2025

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model
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Thyroid Hormone Reference Intervals among Healthy Individuals In Lanzhou, China.

Yan Lu1, Wen-Xia Zhang2, De-Hong Li1

  • 1Department of Clinical Laboratory, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China.

Endocrinology and Metabolism (Seoul, Korea)
|June 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary

New thyroid hormone reference intervals were established for Lanzhou, China. These new sex-specific values differ from manufacturer-provided ranges, highlighting the need for localized thyroid hormone testing.

Keywords:
Anti-thyroglobulinChinaFemaleMaleReference rangeThyroid hormonesThyrotropin

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical Chemistry
  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Current thyroid hormone reference intervals (RIs) in China are manufacturer-dependent.
  • Regional variations and population-specific factors necessitate local RI establishment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish thyroid hormone RIs for the Lanzhou population.
  • To compare established RIs with manufacturer-provided values and previous reports.

Main Methods:

  • Serum thyroid hormone concentrations were measured in 3,123 healthy individuals from Lanzhou.
  • The Abbott Architect analyzer was used, and 95% RIs were calculated using 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles.

Main Results:

  • Thyroid hormone levels showed significant correlations with sex and age.
  • Established RIs differed between sexes and were inconsistent with manufacturer-provided values.
  • Serum levels of TSH, TT3, TT4, and ATG varied across different age groups.

Conclusions:

  • Established thyroid hormone RIs for Lanzhou's healthy population differ from manufacturer values.
  • Sex-specific reference intervals are crucial for accurate thyroid disease diagnosis.