Recent advances in electroconvulsive therapy in clinical practice and research

Area of Science:

• Psychiatry
• Neurology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a highly effective somatic therapy for various psychiatric disorders.
• Despite its efficacy, neurocognitive side effects and stigma remain significant challenges.
• Recent research explores ECT's role in novel applications and safety improvements.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advances in electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) research and clinical implementation.
• To explore the therapeutic potential and safety of ECT in specific patient groups and conditions.
• To highlight ongoing efforts to optimize ECT parameters for improved efficacy and reduced side effects.

Main Methods:

• Review of recent studies on electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) advancements.
• Exploration of ECT in COVID-19 related neuropsychiatric complications.
• Comparison of ECT with ketamine for treatment-resistant depression and suicidality.
• Analysis of modifications in ECT dosing, electrode placement, and augmenting agents.

Main Results:

• ECT shows potential therapeutic benefit and safety in COVID-19 neuropsychiatric complications and special populations.
• Head-to-head comparisons indicate ECT's promise against ketamine for treatment-resistant depression and acute suicidality.
• Modifications in ECT parameters, electrode placement, and augmenting agents aim to decrease side effects and improve efficacy.

Conclusions:

• Recent advances are enhancing the safety and efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).
• Further research is needed to fully understand and mitigate neurocognitive side effects.
• Optimizing ECT delivery holds significant potential for improving psychiatric care and reducing stigma.