Diffuse fasciitis with eosinophilia in boys: a case-based review

Area of Science:

• Rheumatology
• Dermatology
• Pediatrics

Background:

• Diffuse fasciitis with eosinophilia (EF) is a rare connective tissue disorder.
• Characterized by symmetrical limb swelling, hardening, and peripheral eosinophilia.
• Etiology and pathogenesis remain largely unknown, with potential triggers including infection or medication.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and compare global reports of pediatric diffuse fasciitis with eosinophilia.
• To present two recent adolescent male cases from a pediatric rheumatology department.
• To enhance understanding and diagnostic approaches for pediatric EF.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of worldwide pediatric EF cases.
• Clinical case analysis of two adolescent male patients.
• Comparison of patient data with existing literature.

Main Results:

• EF presents with diverse clinical manifestations, primarily symmetrical limb involvement and eosinophilia.
• Diagnostic criteria are not standardized; MRI and biopsy may aid diagnosis.
• Standard treatment involves glucocorticosteroids, with methotrexate as a second-line option.

Conclusions:

• Pediatric EF requires further research to establish clear diagnostic criteria and understand pathogenesis.
• Comparing international case reports with local patient data can refine treatment strategies.
• Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial for pediatric patients with EF.