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Risk factors characterisation for CHD: a case-control study in Bogota and Cali, Colombia, 2002-2020

Esteban Portilla R1, Vyara Harizanov1, Karen Sarmiento2

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.

Cardiology in the Young
|June 15, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are a major cause of infant mortality. Advanced parental age, diabetes, and lower education increase CHD risk, while folic acid intake offers protection.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Public Health
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Congenital heart defects (CHDs) represent 28% of congenital anomalies and are the primary cause of infant mortality.
  • Early identification of risk factors for CHDs is crucial for population-level case detection and intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate risk and protective factors associated with the presentation of congenital heart defects (CHDs).
  • To inform public health strategies for reducing CHD incidence and improving patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of a cohort from the Program for the Prevention and Monitoring of Congenital Defects in Bogota and Cali (2002-2020).
  • Classification of CHDs into isolated, complex isolated, polymalformed, and syndromic categories.
  • Comparison of case and control averages using Student's t-test at a 95% confidence level.

Main Results:

  • Prevalence of CHDs was 19.36 per 10,000 live births, with non-specified CHD, ventricular septal defect, and atrial septal defect being most common.
  • Identified risk factors include advanced parental age (>45 years), pregestational diabetes, maternal BMI > 25, low educational level, and socioeconomic status.
  • Folic acid consumption during the first trimester and pregestational period emerged as protective factors.

Conclusions:

  • Several risk and protective factors significantly influence the occurrence of CHDs.
  • Public health initiatives should focus on mitigating exposure to identified risk factors.
  • Enhanced monitoring of high-risk individuals is recommended to improve CHD diagnosis and prognosis.
Abstract

Keywords:
Congenital heart diseasecongenital anomalypublic healthrisk factorsurveillance

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