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Related Concept Videos

Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

23.6K
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
6.0K
Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

3.6K
The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
3.6K
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

50.7K
The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
50.7K
Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

15.9K
Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
15.9K
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

9.8K
Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
9.8K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 26, 2025

Rescue of Recombinant Zika Virus from a Bacterial Artificial Chromosome cDNA Clone
08:10

Rescue of Recombinant Zika Virus from a Bacterial Artificial Chromosome cDNA Clone

Published on: June 24, 2019

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The coronavirus recombination pathway.

Heather L Wells1, Cassandra M Bonavita2, Isamara Navarrete-Macias2

  • 1Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA.

Cell Host & Microbe
|June 15, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recombination drives coronavirus emergence and spillover, but its mechanism is unclear. This study proposes a framework to understand coronavirus recombination, guiding future research and pandemic preparedness.

Keywords:
barrierscoronaviruscross-species transmissionevolutionpathwayrecombinationspillover

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Recombination is a key factor in coronavirus cross-species transmission, spillover, and emergence.
  • A poor understanding of recombination mechanisms hinders the prediction of novel recombinant coronavirus emergence.
  • Coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, pose significant public health threats due to their pandemic potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline a framework detailing the recombination pathway in coronaviruses.
  • To synthesize existing knowledge on coronavirus recombination from literature and experimental data.
  • To identify knowledge gaps and guide future research into the molecular mechanisms of coronavirus recombination.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of coronavirus recombination studies, including analysis of naturally occurring recombinant genomes.
  • Comparison of in vitro experimental findings with naturally observed recombination patterns.
  • Development of a conceptual framework to map the coronavirus recombination pathway.

Main Results:

  • A structured framework illustrating the coronavirus recombination pathway has been established.
  • Existing literature and experimental data were integrated into the proposed framework.
  • Key gaps in understanding the molecular mechanisms versus environmental influences on recombination were highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • Further experimental research is crucial to elucidate the precise molecular mechanisms of coronavirus recombination.
  • Understanding recombination is vital for improving pandemic predictive intelligence, particularly for viruses like SARS-CoV-2.
  • This framework provides a foundation for future studies aimed at mitigating risks associated with coronavirus recombination.