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Melatonin Alters Innate Immune Function in Infants with Neonatal Encephalopathy.

Saima Aslam^1,2,3, Mary O'Dea^1,2,4, Lynne A Kelly^5,6

¹Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

|June 15, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Melatonin modulates immune cell responses in infants with neonatal encephalopathy (NE). This study found altered immune circadian rhythms in NE infants, suggesting potential therapeutic targets.

Keywords:

Circadian rhythm HIE Melatonin Monocyte Neonatal encephalopathy Neutrophil Therapeutic hypothermia

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Area of Science:

Neonatal immunology
Circadian biology
Neuroscience

Background:

Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) is a serious condition with limited treatment options.
Melatonin is a potential adjunctive therapy for NE, known to reduce oxidative stress.
The immunological effects of melatonin in NE remain largely unstudied.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the immunological effects of melatonin in infants with NE.
To examine ex vivo immune responses and circadian gene expression in NE infants.
To assess potential modulation of immune function by melatonin.

Main Methods:

Prospective recruitment of infants with NE and controls.
Whole blood analysis of circadian rhythm genes (BMAL1, CLOCK) via RT-PCR.
Flow cytometry assessment of neutrophil and monocyte activation markers (CD11b, ROIs, TLR-4) after LPS and melatonin stimulation.

Main Results:

Melatonin reduced neutrophil CD11b and TLR-4 expression in NE infants post-LPS.
No significant differences in reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs) were observed.
Baseline BMAL1 and CLOCK gene expression were similar, but BMAL1 decreased with LPS in NE infants.

Conclusions:

Melatonin alters ex vivo immune function in infants with NE.
NE infants exhibit altered immune circadian responses to LPS stimulation.
These findings suggest potential for immune modulation in NE.