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The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.

Quantum Numbers

Quantum Numbers

It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.

Fermi Level Dynamics

Fermi Level Dynamics

The vacuum level denotes the energy threshold required for an electron to escape from a material surface. It is usually positioned above the conduction band of a semiconductor and acts as a benchmark for comparing electron energies within various materials.
Electron affinity in semiconductors refers to the energy gap between the minimum of its conduction band and the vacuum level and it is a critical parameter in determining how easily a semiconductor can accept additional electrons.
The work...

Fermi Level

Fermi Level

The Fermi-Dirac function is represented by an S-shaped curve indicating the probability of an energy state being occupied by an electron at a given temperature. The Fermi level is the energy level at which there is a fifty percent chance of finding an electron, and it is positioned between the lower-energy valence band and the higher-energy conduction band.
At absolute zero temperature, electrons fill all energy states up to the Fermi level, leaving upper states empty. As the temperature rises,...

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...

Molecular Orbital Theory I

Molecular Orbital Theory I

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 26, 2025

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

Layered materials as a platform for quantum technologies.

Alejandro R-P Montblanch^1,2, Matteo Barbone^1,3,4,5, Igor Aharonovich^6,7

¹Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Nature Nanotechnology

|June 15, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Layered quantum materials are emerging as key platforms for quantum technologies due to their unique properties. This review explores their potential and challenges in applications like quantum light sources and sensors.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Quantum Technology
Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

Layered materials are gaining prominence in the development of quantum technologies.
Their diverse optical, electronic, magnetic, thermal, and mechanical properties are highly desirable.
These materials are crucial for advancing quantum simulations and devices.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the opportunities and challenges of layered materials in quantum technology platforms.
To focus on applications utilizing light-matter interfaces.
To highlight the potential of layered materials for scalable quantum components.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent advancements in layered materials for quantum technologies.
Analysis of properties relevant to quantum applications.
Discussion of specific use cases, particularly those involving light-matter interactions.

Main Results:

Layered materials show significant promise as scalable components for quantum technologies.
Applications include quantum light sources, photon detectors, and nanoscale sensors.
They enable the exploration of novel quantum phases for quantum simulations.

Conclusions:

Layered materials are central to the advancement of quantum technologies.
Further research is needed to overcome challenges and fully exploit their potential, especially in light-matter interface applications.
The unique properties of layered materials position them as foundational for future quantum innovations.