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Outcomes and Management of Infants Who Refer Newborn Hearing Screening

Sam D Schild1, Matthew A Mendelsohn1, Ann Plum1

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA.

The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology
|June 16, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Most infants referred for newborn hearing screening pass follow-up tests. Sensorineural hearing loss occurred in 3.8% of infants, often linked to genetic or in-utero factors, necessitating prompt intervention.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Otolaryngology
  • Audiology
  • Neonatal Care

Background:

  • Universal Newborn Hearing Screening (UNHS) expedites early diagnosis.
  • Many infants referred for screening pass subsequent otoacoustic emissions (OAE) or auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing.
  • Understanding hearing loss incidence and etiology in infants who initially fail screening is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence and causes of hearing loss in infants referred from newborn hearing screening.
  • To analyze data from an urban, tertiary care pediatric otolaryngology practice.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective chart review of infants evaluated from 2017 to 2021.
  • Data included birth history, screening results, audiology and otolaryngology findings, diagnoses, and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • 83.8% of infants had normal hearing after repeat testing.
  • 3.8% were diagnosed with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), associated with genetic syndromes and in-utero infections (P=.004, P=.04).
  • 7.8% had otitis media with effusion (OME); 6.0% had cerumen/vernix obstruction.

Conclusions:

  • The incidence of SNHL in this cohort was 3.8%.
  • Most infants referred for screening had normal hearing after repeat testing.
  • OME requiring intervention was common; close monitoring is vital to prevent sequelae.
Abstract

Keywords:
congenital hearing lossnewborn hearing screeningotitis media with effusionsensorineural hearing lossvernix

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