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Quantitative Composition and Mesoscale Ion Distribution in p-Type Organic Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conductors
Ruiheng Wu1, Bryan D Paulsen2, Qing Ma3
1Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|June 16, 2023
Summary
This study quantifies ion composition in organic conductors (OMIECs) using advanced X-ray techniques. Findings reveal how ion transport and distribution impact material properties, crucial for device development.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Electrochemistry
- Polymer Science
Background:
- Understanding ionic composition and distribution in organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors (OMIECs) is key for structure-property relationships.
- Direct measurements of OMIEC ionic composition and distribution are limited.
- This work investigates three typical p-type OMIEC materials with varying fixed anionic charges.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the ionic composition and mesoscopic structure of three p-type OMIEC materials.
- To characterize OMIECs after electrolyte exposure and electrochemical cycling.
- To clarify the relationship between ionic behavior and material properties.
Main Methods:
- Utilized X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, gravimetry, coulometry, and grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS).
- XRF provided quantitative ion-to-monomer compositions.
- GISAXS revealed ion segregation at the nanoscale.
Main Results:
- Quantified ion-to-monomer compositions via XRF, showing passive and potential-driven ion uptake/expulsion.
- Confirmed single-cation transport in EG/GOPS-PEDOT:PSS due to Donnan exclusion.
- Demonstrated mixed anion/cation transport in crys-PEDOT:PSS and significant anion trapping in pg2T-TT.
Conclusions:
- Established a direct link between fixed anionic charge density and Donnan exclusion strength.
- Revealed distinct ion transport mechanisms and segregation patterns in different OMIECs.
- Provided crucial insights into OMIEC ionic behavior for accurate structure-property connections.
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