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This study validates a four-factor model of social relationships, refining the Modes of Relationships Questionnaire (MORQ) into a 20-item scale. The validated scale accurately measures communal sharing, authority ranking, equality matching, and market pricing in social connections.

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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Relationship Science
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • Relational Models Theory posits social relationships are based on four fundamental psychological models: communal sharing, authority ranking, equality matching, and market pricing.
  • The Modes of Relationships Questionnaire (MORQ) was developed to measure these models but required refinement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test and refine the four-factor structure of Relational Models Theory using the MORQ.
  • To develop a psychometrically sound, compact, and valid instrument for measuring social relationship models.

Main Methods:

  • Four studies were conducted with a total of 1,909 participants (N = 347, 617, 615, and an unspecified number for Study 4).
  • The Modes of Relationships Questionnaire (MORQ) was administered and analyzed using factor analysis.
  • Item reduction and model validation were performed across datasets and relationship types.

Main Results:

  • Initial analysis of the 33-item MORQ showed support for the four-factor structure but identified problematic items.
  • A revised 20-item MORQ (five items per factor) demonstrated a well-fitting four-factor model, which was replicated across studies and relationship types.
  • A general factor, associated with relationship closeness, was identified and required for model fit.

Conclusions:

  • The refined 20-item MORQ provides a valid and reliable measure of the four core relational models proposed by Relational Models Theory.
  • The findings support the theoretical structure of social relationships and offer a practical tool for researchers across various disciplines.