The Application of non-linear methods to quantify changes to movement dynamics during running: A scoping review

Area of Science:

• Biomechanics
• Movement Science
• Sports Physiology

Background:

• Understanding running dynamics is crucial for performance and injury prevention.
• Non-linear movement analysis offers advanced insights into running variability.
• Research on factors influencing these dynamics, such as fatigue, speed, and fitness, is ongoing.

Purpose of the Study:

• To conduct a scoping review of research quantifying changes in non-linear movement dynamics during running.
• To evaluate methodologies used to assess these dynamics under varying conditions (fatigue, speed, fitness).

Main Methods:

• Systematic search of PubMed and Scopus databases.
• Extraction and tabulation of study details and participant characteristics from 27 selected articles.
• Identification of common analytical approaches for non-linear time series data.

Main Results:

• Methods included motion capture, accelerometry, and foot switches, analyzing fractal scaling, entropy, and local dynamic stability.
• Conflicting findings exist regarding non-linear features during fatigue.
• Significant alterations in movement dynamics were observed with marked changes in running speed.
• Higher fitness levels were associated with more stable and predictable running patterns.

Conclusions:

• Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms (physiological, biomechanical, attentional) underlying changes in running dynamics.
• The practical implications of these findings require elucidation.
• Gaps in the literature were identified, highlighting areas for future investigation.