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Illness Perception, Self-Efficacy, and Medication Adherence in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: A Path Analysis
Soheil Mobini1, Atefeh Allahbakhshian1, Reza Shabanloei1
1Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Iran.
Insights
Illness perception and self-efficacy significantly impact medication adherence in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Improving these factors can enhance adherence and disease management.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Health Psychology
- Behavioral Medicine
Background:
- Medication adherence is crucial for managing coronary artery disease (CAD).
- Illness perception and self-efficacy are key psychological factors influencing patient behavior.
- Understanding these factors is vital for improving treatment outcomes in CAD patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate factors influencing medication adherence in CAD patients.
- To specifically examine the impact of illness perception and self-efficacy on medication adherence.
- To identify potential targets for interventions aimed at improving adherence.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study was conducted with 259 confirmed CAD patients.
- Illness perception, self-efficacy, and medication adherence were assessed using validated questionnaires (Brief IPQ, SCSES, MARS_10).
- Data were analyzed using regression path analysis with STATA software.
Main Results:
- A majority of patients (61.8%) adhered to their medication regimen.
- Moderate illness perception and high self-efficacy were observed.
- Greater illness perception, higher self-efficacy, and increased education positively influenced adherence, while older age negatively impacted it.
Conclusions:
- Illness perception is a significant predictor of self-efficacy and medication adherence in CAD patients.
- Interventions should focus on enhancing patients' illness perceptions to improve self-efficacy and medication adherence.
- Targeting psychological factors offers a promising avenue for better CAD management.
Introduction:
Illness perception and self-efficacy in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) may affect medication adherence, which is one of the most important challenges in disease management in this group of patients.
Objective:
The present study aimed to investigate the factors influencing medication adherence in CAD patients, especially the effect of illness perception and self-efficacy.
Methods:
This study was cross-sectional and conducted from April to September 2021. A total of 259 patients with confirmed CAD were selected by convenience sampling method based on inclusion criteria. Illness perception, self-efficacy, and medication adherence were investigated using Brief IPQ, SCSES, and MARS_10 questionnaires, respectively. The data were analyzed using the STATA software (version 14) and the regression path analysis method.
Results:
Patients had moderate illness perception and high self-efficacy, and 61.8 of them adhered to their medication regimen. Greater illness perception, better self-efficacy, and higher education had a positive effect on medication adherence, and increasing age had a negative effect on it. The final path model shows a good fit of the data in the model (χ2: 0.37, df: 274, χ2/df: 0.36, CFI: 1, IFI: 0.95, TLI: 1.07, and RMSEA: 0.00).
Conclusion:
The results of the present study suggest that patients' illness perception can play an important role in predicting self-efficacy in disease management and the level of medication adherence in patients with CAD. To improve self-efficacy and medication adherence, future intervention studies should focus on the patient's illness perceptions and their improvement.
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