Tuberculosis: current challenges and beyond

Area of Science:

• Global Health
• Infectious Diseases
• Public Health Policy

Background:

• Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health threat and the second leading cause of infectious disease death.
• Progress in reducing TB incidence and mortality has been slow and hampered by the COVID-19 pandemic.
• Recent global conflicts exacerbate the challenge of controlling the TB burden.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the persistent global threat of tuberculosis.
• To underscore the impact of recent global events on TB control efforts.
• To advocate for intensified and innovative strategies to end TB.

Main Methods:

• This study is a review and analysis of the current global TB situation.
• It synthesizes data on TB incidence, mortality, and progress towards End TB Strategy targets.
• It examines the impact of external factors like pandemics and conflicts on TB control.

Main Results:

• Global efforts have led to slow decreases in TB incidence and mortality.
• The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted TB control programs.
• Ongoing conflicts pose a further threat to TB reduction efforts.
• Most End TB Strategy targets are currently off track.

Conclusions:

• Ending tuberculosis requires urgent, global, and multi-sectoral commitment.
• Significant investments in research and innovation are essential.
• Equitable and rapid implementation of new strategies is critical to regain momentum.