Microplastics everywhere: A review on existing methods of extraction

Area of Science:

• Environmental Science
• Analytical Chemistry
• Polymer Science

Background:

• Microplastics (MPs) are pervasive environmental pollutants, presenting in various forms like fibers, fragments, and microbeads.
• Their presence in waterways, atmosphere, and food chains poses a significant ecological and potential health risk.
• Effective analysis and removal of MPs are crucial for environmental remediation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compile and review existing literature on microplastic extraction methods.
• To identify and discuss various techniques for isolating MPs from diverse environmental matrices.
• To explore the potential for a standardized protocol for mass microplastic extraction.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of established and emerging microplastic extraction techniques.
• Discussion of general methods such as density separation and oil-based extraction.
• Exploration of advanced techniques including ultrasound-assisted and fluid dynamics-based separation.

Main Results:

• A comprehensive overview of current microplastic extraction methodologies is presented.
• Comparison of the efficacy and applicability of different extraction techniques across various matrices.
• Identification of research trends and gaps in microplastic isolation science.

Conclusions:

• Standardized microplastic extraction protocols are needed for accurate environmental monitoring.
• Advanced techniques show promise for efficient and comprehensive MP recovery.
• Further research into process-based separation could lead to mass extraction solutions.