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Mini-Review: Clinical Features and Management of Granular Corneal Dystrophy Type 2.

Myung Soo Chang1, Ikhyun Jun1,2, Eung Kweon Kim2,3

  • 1Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Korean Journal of Ophthalmology : KJO
|June 19, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Granular corneal dystrophy type 2 (GCD2), a genetic eye condition, causes deposits in the cornea, leading to pain and vision loss. New treatments are needed as current methods have variable recurrence rates.

Keywords:
Corneal dystrophy Avellino typeGranular corneal dystrophy type 2Hereditary corneal dystrophies

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Genetics
  • Corneal Diseases

Background:

  • Granular corneal dystrophy type 2 (GCD2) is an autosomal dominant inherited stromal dystrophy.
  • It results from a specific mutation (p.Arg124His) in the transforming growth factor β induced (TGFBI) gene.
  • Characterized by granular opacities, GCD2 can cause ocular pain, erosion, and decreased visual acuity, with higher prevalence in East Asia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the characteristics, current treatments, and challenges associated with Granular corneal dystrophy type 2 (GCD2).
  • To highlight the need for further research into novel therapeutic strategies for GCD2.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on GCD2.
  • Analysis of clinical presentation, genetic basis, and treatment outcomes.
  • Examination of the impact of laser vision correction on GCD2 progression.

Main Results:

  • GCD2 presents with distinct corneal opacities, potentially leading to pain and vision impairment.
  • Conservative and surgical treatments exist, but recurrence rates vary.
  • Corneal laser vision-correction surgeries can rapidly exacerbate GCD2, causing severe vision loss.

Conclusions:

  • Current treatments for GCD2 offer symptomatic relief but face challenges with recurrence.
  • The exacerbation of GCD2 after laser vision correction necessitates caution.
  • Further research is crucial to develop more effective and definitive treatments for GCD2.