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Mild COVID-19 infection associated with post-COVID-19 condition after 3 months - a questionnaire survey

Stefan Rach1, Lisa Kühne1, Hajo Zeeb1,2

  • 1Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany.

Annals of Medicine
|June 20, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Even mild COVID-19 can lead to post-COVID-19 condition, characterized by persistent symptoms. Females and individuals with initial fatigue, breathing issues, or cognitive problems are more susceptible to developing long COVID.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Research
  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, can result in a post-COVID-19 condition with persistent symptoms.
  • Evidence regarding the post-COVID-19 condition remains limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with the post-COVID-19 condition.
  • To identify specific symptoms and demographic factors linked to the development of long-term post-COVID-19 symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • A questionnaire survey was conducted among residents of Bremen, Germany, with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • Participants reported symptoms during acute infection and at least three months post-infection.
  • Post-COVID-19 condition was defined as experiencing at least two of three key symptoms: fatigue, breathing difficulties, or cognitive problems.

Main Results:

  • The presence of fatigue, breathing difficulties, cognitive symptoms, or head/bone aches during acute infection increased the likelihood of developing post-COVID-19 condition.
  • A higher number of initial symptoms correlated with an increased risk of post-COVID-19 condition.
  • Females were more likely to report a post-COVID-19 condition.

Conclusions:

  • Even mild COVID-19 infections pose a risk for developing a post-COVID-19 condition.
  • Initial symptoms such as fatigue, breathing difficulties, and cognitive problems are significant predictors of long-term post-COVID-19 symptoms.
  • Female sex is associated with a higher likelihood of experiencing post-COVID-19 symptoms.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-19Long COVIDSARS-CoV-2cross-sectionalpopulation-basedpost-COVID-19 condition

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