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Related Concept Videos

Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

32.6K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

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A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
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Mutations in Microorganisms01:18

Mutations in Microorganisms

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Mutations are heritable changes in an organism’s genome involving alterations in the base sequence of DNA or RNA. These changes can influence cellular processes and phenotypic traits, potentially transforming the unaltered wild type into a mutant form. Such changes, termed forward mutations, are pivotal in shaping the genetic diversity of organisms.RNA viruses exhibit the highest mutation rates due to the absence of robust proofreading mechanisms during genome replication. In contrast,...
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Mutations01:39

Mutations

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Overview
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Point and Frameshift Mutations01:30

Point and Frameshift Mutations

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Point mutations are genetic alterations involving the change of a single nucleotide base pair in DNA. Depending on how the alteration affects protein synthesis, they can lead to various consequences.Point mutations fall into the following types:Silent mutations occur when a nucleotide change does not alter the amino acid sequence due to the redundancy of the genetic code. For instance, changing ACC to ACA still encodes threonine, leaving the protein function unaffected. This occurs because...
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Spontaneous and Induced Mutations01:30

Spontaneous and Induced Mutations

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Spontaneous mutations arise infrequently during DNA replication due to errors in the process. A key factor behind these errors is tautomeric shifts in nitrogenous bases, where bases transition from keto to enol forms or amino to imino forms. This shift can alter base-pairing rules, leading to mutations. Additionally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) arising from aerobic metabolism can damage DNA, resulting in depurination (loss of a purine base) or depyrimidination (loss of a pyrimidine base).
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Updated: Jul 26, 2025

Using Next Generation Sequencing to Identify Mutations Associated with Repair of a CAS9-induced Double Strand Break Near the CD4 Promoter
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The SARS-CoV-2 mutation landscape is shaped before replication starts.

Diego Masone1,2, Maria Soledad Alvarez3, Luis Mariano Polo1

  • 1Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCuyo), Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Mendoza, Argentina.

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SARS-CoV-2 mutation patterns differ significantly in vaccinated individuals, varying by respiratory tract tissue. A novel model explains these mutation origins during viral replication.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Mutation landscapes and signatures are well-documented for SARS-CoV-2.
  • Understanding viral evolution is crucial for public health.
  • Tissue-specific viral behavior impacts disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze SARS-CoV-2 mutation patterns.
  • To correlate mutation changes with viral replication sites in the respiratory tract.
  • To investigate differences in mutation patterns in vaccinated individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of mutation landscapes and signatures in SARS-CoV-2 samples.
  • Correlation studies linking mutation patterns to specific respiratory tract tissues.
  • Comparative analysis between vaccinated and unvaccinated patient samples.
  • Development of a predictive model for mutation origins.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in mutation patterns were observed in samples from vaccinated patients.
  • Mutation patterns varied depending on the specific tissue within the respiratory tract.
  • A novel model was proposed to explain the origin of observed mutations.

Conclusions:

  • Vaccination status significantly influences SARS-CoV-2 mutation landscapes.
  • Tissue tropism plays a role in viral mutation patterns.
  • The proposed model offers insights into SARS-CoV-2 replication and mutation dynamics.