Screening for Depression and Suicide Risk in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement

Area of Science:

• Public Health and Preventive Medicine
• Mental Health Services Research
• Clinical Preventive Services

Background:

• Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent mental health condition in the US with significant impacts on individual functioning and health outcomes.
• Untreated MDD is linked to adverse health events, including cardiovascular risks, worsened comorbidities, and increased mortality.
• Primary care settings are crucial for identifying and managing mental health conditions like MDD.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review the benefits and harms of screening for MDD and suicide risk in asymptomatic adults.
• To evaluate the accuracy of screening tools for MDD and suicide risk.
• To assess the benefits and harms of treatment for MDD and suicide risk in primary care contexts.

Main Methods:

• A systematic review was commissioned by the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF).
• The review focused on asymptomatic adults aged 19 and older, including pregnant/postpartum individuals and older adults (65+).
• Evidence on screening accuracy, benefits, and harms of both MDD and suicide risk screening was evaluated.

Main Results:

• Screening for MDD in adults demonstrates a moderate net benefit with moderate certainty.
• This recommendation applies to the general adult population, including pregnant/postpartum persons and older adults.
• Evidence is insufficient to determine the benefits and harms of screening for suicide risk in adults.

Conclusions:

• The USPSTF recommends depression screening for all adults, encompassing pregnant/postpartum individuals and older adults.
• A 'B' recommendation signifies a moderate benefit from this screening.
• An 'I' statement indicates insufficient evidence to recommend for or against suicide risk screening in adults.