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Flow Cytometry

Flow Cytometry

The development of flow cytometry techniques began in 1934 with initial attempts by Andrew Moldavan, a bacteriologist who counted the cells in a flowing capillary system. Moldavan pumped cells through a capillary tube focused under a microscope for visualization. The invention of photometry allowed the measurement of differentially-stained cells, and Louis Kamentsky developed the first multiparameter flow cytometer in 1965 to identify and count the cancer cells in cervical tissue specimens.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 26, 2025

Microfluidic Platform with Multiplexed Electronic Detection for Spatial Tracking of Particles

Microfluidic Platform with Multiplexed Electronic Detection for Spatial Tracking of Particles

Published on: March 13, 2017

An adaptive three-dimensional hydrodynamic focusing microfluidic impedance flow cytometer.

Yang Zhou^1,2, Jiao Wang³, Ting Liu¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China. jlzhao@mail.sim.ac.cn.

|June 21, 2023

Summary

This study introduces a miniaturized flow cytometer using 3D hydrodynamic focusing for label-free cell analysis. The device enhances signal-to-noise ratio and accuracy in cell impedance characterization, offering a portable solution.

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Reduced-gravity Environment Hardware Demonstrations of a Prototype Miniaturized Flow Cytometer and Companion Microfluidic Mixing Technology

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Last Updated: Jul 26, 2025

Microfluidic Platform with Multiplexed Electronic Detection for Spatial Tracking of Particles

Microfluidic Platform with Multiplexed Electronic Detection for Spatial Tracking of Particles

Published on: March 13, 2017

Microfluidic Imaging Flow Cytometry by Asymmetric-detection Time-stretch Optical Microscopy ATOM

Microfluidic Imaging Flow Cytometry by Asymmetric-detection Time-stretch Optical Microscopy ATOM

Published on: June 28, 2017

Reduced-gravity Environment Hardware Demonstrations of a Prototype Miniaturized Flow Cytometer and Companion Microfluidic Mixing Technology

Reduced-gravity Environment Hardware Demonstrations of a Prototype Miniaturized Flow Cytometer and Companion Microfluidic Mixing Technology

Published on: November 13, 2014

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Analytical Chemistry
Cell Biology

Background:

Microfluidic impedance cytometry offers label-free, low-cost, and portable cell analysis.
Existing methods rely on microfluidic and electronic devices for impedance-based cell characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and characterize a miniaturized flow cytometer utilizing a 3D hydrodynamic focusing mechanism.
To improve signal-to-noise ratio and accuracy in particle impedance measurements.
To demonstrate the system's utility in monitoring cell status, such as drug treatment effects.

Main Methods:

Development of a miniaturized flow cytometer with a 3D hydrodynamic focusing system.
Utilizing sheath flow to concentrate samples vertically and laterally within a microchannel.
Employing simulation and confocal microscopy for characterization and verification.
Comparing impedance measurements with traditional flow cytometry results.

Main Results:

3D hydrodynamic focusing reduced the concentrated stream's cross-sectional area to 26.50% of its pre-focusing value.
Optimized sheath flow settings increased impedance pulse amplitude and reduced coefficient of variation by at least 35.85%.
The system accurately detected impedance differences in HepG2 cells before and after drug treatment.

Conclusions:

The developed miniaturized flow cytometer provides a convenient and inexpensive method for cell analysis.
3D hydrodynamic focusing significantly enhances the precision and reliability of microfluidic impedance cytometry.
This technology offers a promising tool for real-time cell status monitoring and drug efficacy studies.