Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 26, 2025

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Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction
Published on: May 17, 2024
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[Stacked PAP flap for unilateral breast reconstruction: a case report]
Shaghayegh Gorji1,2,3, Charalampos Varnava1,2,3, Matthias Aitzetmüller1,2,3
1Abteilung für Plastische, Rekonstruktive und Ästhetische Chirurgie, Handchirurgie , Fachklinik Hornheide eV, Münster, Germany.
Summary
Stacked profunda artery perforator (PAP) flaps offer a safe solution for unilateral breast reconstruction in patients needing large tissue volumes. This technique provides satisfactory aesthetic results and avoids additional procedures for symmetry.
Area of Science:
- Plastic Surgery
- Reconstructive Surgery
- Oncologic Surgery
Background:
- Profunda artery perforator (PAP) flaps are increasingly popular for breast reconstruction.
- Limited tissue availability often necessitates innovative techniques for large breast reconstruction.
- This case highlights the use of stacked PAP flaps for unilateral reconstruction in a patient with prior bilateral mastectomy and implant reconstruction.

