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Related Concept Videos

Shearing Stress01:19

Shearing Stress

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Shearing stress, denoted by the Greek letter tau (τ), is stress caused by forces acting transversely on an object. These forces create internal ones within the entity in the plane where the external forces are applied. The resultant of these internal forces is the shear in the section.
The average shearing stress can be calculated by dividing the shear by the area of the cross-section.
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Thermal Stress01:09

Thermal Stress

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If the temperature of an object is changed while it is prevented from expanding or contracting, the object is subjected to stress. The stress is compressive if the object expands in the absence of constraint and tensile if it contracts. This stress resulting from temperature change is known as thermal stress. It can be quite large and can cause damage. To avoid this stress, engineers may design components so they can expand and contract freely. For instance, on highways, gaps are deliberately...
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Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.
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Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal01:27

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Rectal temperature measurement is considered the most precise method for assessing core body temperature and typically registers higher than oral temperature. For adults, the rectal thermometer should be inserted 1 to 1.5 inches into the rectum to obtain the most accurate reading.
Follow these steps for rectal temperature assessment:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don clean gloves to prevent cross-infection.
Step 2: Position the patient in a side-lying position to better visualize the rectal...
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Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving01:27

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San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge is exposed to temperatures ranging from -15 °C to 40 °C. At its coldest, the main span of the bridge is 1275 m long. Assuming that the bridge is made entirely of steel, what is the change in its length between these temperatures?
To solve the problem, first, identify the known and unknown quantities. The initial length (L) of the bridge is 1275 m, the coefficient of linear expansion (α) for steel is 12 x 10-6/°C, and the change in...
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Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla01:14

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Procedural Guide for Assessing Axillary Body Temperature using a Digital Thermometer:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and put on clean gloves to maintain infection control and prevent cross-contamination.
Step 2: Prepare the patient by explaining the procedure to ensure understanding and cooperation. Ensure privacy, expose the axilla, and inform the patient that minimal movement is crucial for an accurate reading.
Step 3: Adjust the patient’s clothing to expose only the axilla. It minimizes...
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Thermal Imaging to Study Stress Non-invasively in Unrestrained Birds
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Thermal stress index for native sheep.

Nágela Maria Henrique Mascarenhas1, Dermeval Araújo Furtado1, Vinicius de França Carvalho Fonsêca2

  • 1Postgraduate Program in Agricultural Engineering, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882 - Universitário, Campina Grande, PB, 58429-900, Brazil.

Journal of Thermal Biology
|June 23, 2023
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Summary

Researchers developed a new thermal stress index (TSI) for sheep using environmental and physiological data. This index accurately reflects sheep

Keywords:
Ambient temperatureOvis ariesPrediction modelSemiarid

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Environmental Physiology
  • Agricultural Engineering

Background:

  • Heat stress significantly impacts sheep productivity and welfare.
  • Existing thermal comfort indices may not fully capture sheep-specific responses.
  • Accurate assessment of thermal stress is crucial for effective livestock management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel thermal stress index (TSI) for sheep.
  • To validate the proposed TSI against existing thermal comfort indices.
  • To identify the most suitable index for breeders to guide management decisions.

Main Methods:

  • Collected physiological and environmental data from sheep in a climate chamber under varied conditions.
  • Utilized principal component analysis to consolidate physiological variables.
  • Employed multiple regression analysis to derive the TSI equation.

Main Results:

  • Developed the heat stress index for sheep (TSI) equation: TSI = 24.153 - (0.0523*AT) + (0.746*BGT) + (4.104*Vp).
  • Achieved a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.668 for the TSI.
  • Observed high correlation values, indicating the TSI's efficiency in reflecting animal responses.

Conclusions:

  • The developed TSI demonstrates high efficiency in assessing thermal stress in sheep.
  • The TSI provides a valuable tool for sheep breeders to optimize management strategies.
  • This index aids in mitigating the negative effects of heat stress on sheep health and productivity.