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Related Concept Videos

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Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata...
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Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
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During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
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Shaping the cerebral cortex by cellular crosstalk.

Julie Stoufflet1, Sylvia Tielens1, Laurent Nguyen2

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Neurogenesis, GIGA-Stem Cells and GIGA-Neurosciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, CHU Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium.

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Cellular communication is crucial for cerebral cortex development, influencing cognitive abilities and personality. Disruptions in this crosstalk can lead to neurodevelopmental disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The cerebral cortex, the brain's outer layer, governs cognition, sensory processing, and personality.
  • Its development hinges on complex cell-to-cell communication via signals and physical interactions.
  • Disruptions in cellular crosstalk are linked to neurodevelopmental disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the influence of cell-environment crosstalk on cerebral cortex development.
  • To explore how this interaction impacts neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and circuit assembly.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on cellular communication in brain development.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways and physical interactions between migrating cells and their environment.

Main Results:

  • Cellular crosstalk is essential throughout cerebral cortex development, from initial cell formation to circuit formation.
  • Specific signaling molecules and adhesion mechanisms mediate this interaction.
  • Environmental cues guide migrating neurons and influence their integration into functional circuits.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding cell-environment crosstalk is key to comprehending normal cerebral cortex development.
  • This knowledge may offer insights into the mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • Targeting these communication pathways could be a future therapeutic strategy.